Wireless receiving instrument.



.106 74 i i CROSS 55:32:22 EMQNE no. 883,241. PATBNTED MAR. 31, 1903.-

I Fl G- WIRELESS RECEIVING INSTRUMENT.

APPLIOATIOI FILED IA! 22. 1907.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

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no. 883,241. I

Specification o1 Letteralatent.

. Patented min-n 31, mos

Application filed m 22, 1907. Serial m3. 376,124.

To all it may concern:

Be it known that I, FREDERICK G. SAR- GENT, a citizen of the United States, residing at VVestford, in the county of Middlesex and State of Massachusetts, have invented a new and useful Wireless Receiving Instrument, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to a receiving.instrumentand certain connections therewith for use with the svstems of transmitting intelligence by the ertz waves.

The principal objects of the invention are to rovide an improved form of coherer of sucli a nature that the difliculty which has been experienced in the existing ty es of cohercrs, of providin means for de-co ering the powdered particles, will be entirely or substantially avoided; also to provide an im roved form and combination ofniateria s for the electrodes of the coherer, an improved cohering composition, and improved means for connecting the receiving circuit with the main wire.

Further objects and advantages of the invention will appear hereinafter.

'leference is to be had to the accompanying drawings which show certain forms in which the invention may be embodied and in which,

Figure 1 is a side elevation of a coherer and certain connections showing parts in section. F s. 2, 3 and 4 are erspective views of three of the elements of t e coherer. F' 5 is a view similar to Fig. 1 on a smaller sca e showing a different way of connecting the parts, and Fig. 6 is a similar view showing further modifications.

In its preferred form the instrument is mounted on a non-conducting base 10 which is provided with a pair of metallic brackets 11 and 12. which is preferably formed of carbon, and may be made wholly or in part of graphite or plumbago mixed if desired with amorphous carbon or of the latter alone. disk constitutes one electrode of the coherer.

On the other bracket 12'is mounted an adjusting screw 14 which engages a second electrode 15 made of metal, preferably steel.

This electrode has a depression 16 into which the end of the screw 14 engages so as to- On the bracket 11 is a disk 13 .the active surface of this electrode. der to form the coherer, a tube or c linder 18 several of these substances but one of tivity, one of them preferably being metallic and the other non-metallic. 1

The electrode 15 is provided with a reduced projection 17, the face of which constitutes of non-metallic material, preferab y rubber, is placed over the projection 17 and held in position by 1ts contact therewith. It extends beyond the active face of this electrode a short distance which is exaggerated in the drawing but which in practice may be only about one-sixteenth of an inch, and 1s brou ht into contact with the active face of the disk 13. The space formed between the ably a mixture of two substances having (llfferent degrees of electrical conductivity, so that the particles will not be acted upon with entire uniformity when caused to cohere, which assists de-cohering. There ma be at least, is preferably a metal and another a non-metal. I prefer to use zinc filings for t 1e me 10 ingredients and granulatedamorglass may be substitute b hl 1 or, gr aidelzd to, e car on vw ie fine y divide nio e may take the plhce of the zinc or use in connection with it. Other metallic or non-metallic materials may of course be, added. I find chamber. As shown in Fig. 6, the active 7 I faces of the .two electrodes maybe brought near together at a distance say of about onethirty-second of an ,inch, and being resiliently held apart by the rubber tube 18, may be adjusted by the screw 14 to such a position that the two faces of the electrodes barely touch. .,I find that this construction'gives very good results and as the rubber acts to move .the electrodes apart, afterthey' have moved together by the action of the Hertz waves,'it,wi1l be seen that the troubles due to the-difliculty of decoheri this construction. When t e finely div ded articles are used as a covering substance, o'wever, i find that the same results can be are formed of materials of different conduo-"c In orso are avoided in" m "nu",

'2' -ssa,s41

obtained by the use of means on the faces of the electrodes whereby the particles are in contact with their surfaces only at isolated points. This is preferably done by the use of a series of non-conducting protuberances interspersed throughout the active face of the electrodes separated from each other suf- 'ficientlg to permit the particles to .touch the I have found that ve -A coherer constructed in accordance with.

the above mentioned principles may be connected up in an ordinary way as shown in 1, by connecting the main wire with a conductor 21 having a battery 22 connected in series therewith and a telephone receiver 23, this conductor being connected with one of the brackets and the wire 20 with the other tor 24. prefer, however, to pass the wire 20 through a bundle of'wires 25. This bun dle of wires consists of a plurality of wires insulated from each other throughout their lengths but having their ends electrically connected so that the bundle of wires can be connected in series with the conductor 21. In this case the main wire 20 is not connected with one of the brackets but is taken directly to the ground. It 'is' obvious that this construction can be a plied to either'a single wire 20 or a lura ity of similar wires and that the bun le of wires 25 can bewound around the wires 20 or placed arallel therewith. They receive an induce current from the wire 20 and operate the device in an effective manner. I

In the form of the invention shown in F' 6, I have shown the wire 20 connected wit the wire 21 -as usual, but with an induction coil 26 in' series with the wire 21 having the secondary thereof connected with the receiver 23. Of course, it will be understood that the connections of the system may be varied any manner, as by the substitution for the telephone, of a sounder or a relay, or a relay to work a sounder. I

While I have illustrated and described certain forms in which the invention may be embodied, I am aware that'many modifica-.

tions may be made therein by any person skilled in this art without departing from the scope of the invention as e ressed in the claims. Therefore, I do not WlSh to be limited to the constructionsshowmbut f What I do claim and desire to secure by Letters-Patent'isz- A coherer for a instrument of the electrodes at certain points. This the class described, com risinga loose, dry n echamcal mixture of e particles of zinc and carbon. 1

A receivinginstrument of the class described, having a coherer comprisin two electrodes of erent conductivity, an adry mechanical mixture of zinc-filings and granulated carbon between said electrodes. v

3 A receiving instrument of the class de- 'scnbed,-hav1ng a coherer comprising a steel electrode, acarbon electrode, and a loose dry mechanical mixture of zinc filings and carbon between said electrodes.

'4. A. coherer having a carbonelectrode,

non-conducting protuberances.

trode of which is provided with numerous small nonconducting rotub'er ances interspersed throughout said active surface.

6. A coherer having means whereby the .particles forming the cohexing material may e brought into contact with small surfaces of the e ectrodes, said small surfaces being interspersed throughout the whole active each other.

7 A coherer having the active surfaces of its electrodes covered with a non-conducting fabric whereby the particlesjorming the cohen'ng substances Wlll come into electrical cgntact with said surfaces at isolated points 0 y.

8. A coherer having a cloth gauze covering on the active surface of an electrode thereof. 9. In a coherer, the combination of two electrodes, one of which is metallic and other carbonaceous, having a chamber between them, a non-conducting fabric located on the active face of each of said electrodes, and a body of finely divided material located'in said chamber.

bon disk, a steel plug having a reduced proon said rejection and extending to the face of the 'sk, a fabric located on the face of said projection, a fabric located on the face of said disk, and a finely divided material located within said cylinder in contact with both pieces of fabric.

1 1. In a coherer, the combination of a nonmetallic disk, a metallic plug, an elastic soft rubber tube or cylinder surrounding said lug andengaging said disk to yieldingly ho d it plug toward and from the disk 12. In a coherer, the combination of two tube or cylinder sup )orted by one of said electrodes, engaging t e other and yieldingly holding them apart, and means for adjusting oltlfi of the electrodes toward and from the O 61'.

and a steel electrode, said electrodes having their active surfaces provided with a series of -5. A coherer, the active surface of an elec- I 10. In a coherer, the combination of a carelectrodes, a soft elastic'nonconductin surface of each electrode and-separated from 'jection, a non-conducting cylinder mounted from the plug, and means for adjusting the ssaeci 13. In a coherer, the combination of aflat faced disk, a plug, and a non-conducting tube placed between them and adated to resiliently 5 disk and plug constitute the electrodes of the coherer.

14. In a coherer, the combination of a-flat faced disk, a plug, a non-conducting tube placed between them and adapted to resili- 10 ently hold them apart, whereby said disk and plug constitute the electrodes of the coherer, and means for adjusting the plug toward and from the disk.

15. In a coherer, the combination of a 5 disk, 9. lug, a non-conducting cylinder supported y said plug and yieldingly holding hold them apart, where y said the disk from the plug, finely divided cohering material in said cylinder in contact with the plug and disk, a conducting bracket for supportmg. said disk, a second conductin bracket, and an adjusting screw su ported by the second conducting bracket an engaging the plug to adjust the same and electrically connect it with the second bracket.

In testimony whereof .I have hereunto set my hand, in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

FREDERICK G. SARGENT.

Witnesses ARTHUR E. DAY, CHAS. G. SaRGENT. 

